Development and properties of functional yoghurt enriched with postbiotic produced by yoghurt cultures using cheese whey and skim milk.

This study aimed to examine the effects of supplementation of postbiotics derived from Streptococcus thermophilus (ST) and Lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp. bulgaricus (LB) in cheese whey (CW) and skim milk (SM) on antioxidant activity, viability of yoghurt starters, and quality parameters of low-fat yoghurt during 22 days of storage. The LB-CW (L delbrueckii ssp. bulgaricus postbiotic-containing cheese whey) sample exhibited the highest antioxidant activity, with 18.71% inhibition (p > 0.05). This sample also showed the highest water holding capacity (77.93%; p < 0.05) and a trend toward receiving the most favorable sensory attributes (p > 0.05) compared to the other samples. The LB-CW and LB-SM yoghurt samples exhibited significantly higher body and texture scores compared to the ST-SM-fortified yoghurt (p < 0.05). However, there was no significant difference in the overall acceptability of the LB-SM and ST-SM yoghurt samples across both starters (p > 0.05). Such findings highlight the potential of postbiotics as functional ingredients to enhance the nutritional and sensory aspects of yoghurt, further contributing to its appeal as a health-promoting product.

Genosensors, a nanomaterial-based platform for microRNA-21 detection, non-invasive methods in early detection of cancer.

MicroRNAs are small non-coding RNAs that are 18-24 nucleotides in length. Among the most widely studied microRNAs, microRNA21 (miR21) is highly expressed in many mammalian cell types. It regulates numerous biological functions such as differentiation, proliferation, apoptosis, and migration. Therefore, sensitive and specific detection of miR-21 is crucial in medical approaches. Several methods such as ISH, northern blotting, RT-PCR, microarray, and next-generation are conventionally used to detect miR-21. Due to the limitations and problems related to routine methods, the development of advanced and modern methods has been one of the investigation goals of researchers in recent years. Nanotechnology-based methods have been among the most critical methods in the last two decades. Biosensors are one of the primary modern methods that largely overcome the limitations of routine procedures. The present study introduces and discusses routine methods for the detection of miR-21and the related up-to-date biosensors developed in recent years (2019-2021).